Irregularities in Othello - 1716 Words

Irregularities in Othello The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay. In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello: Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over†¦show more content†¦It presents the general as an inconsistent character, unable to control his feelings at this time even though he has a hundred previous times controlled his feelings in exemplary fashion, in the manner of a general. In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the impropriety of the general’s treatment: Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an absolute fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdemona had a mother and all love’s agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. A song moreover, bringing to her consciousness the sheltered world in which she grew up, now balanced beside the world she chose. In that other world, her husband might have been a Venetian gentleman, someone like Lodovico perhaps – â€Å"a proper man,† she confides to Emilia – such a man as surely would never strike his wife in public or humiliate her in private as a common prostitute? (132) Is it logical for the hero to switch from his initial attitude toward his wife (â€Å"As this that I have reachd: for know, Iago, / But that I love the gentle Desdemona†) to one of total distrust -- even after Emilia assures him that there has been no opportunity for the unfaithfulness of which she is accused? OTHELLO. You have seen nothing then? EMILIA. NorShow MoreRelated The Dual Nature of Characters in Othello Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages The Dual Nature of Characters in Othellonbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, Iago is uncharacteristically honest when he says I am not what I am. However, he is not the only character whose appearance differs from the reality. Nonetheless, he is possibly the only person who intends this duplicity. Unfortunately everyone is under the impression that Iago is honest and just. Once alone, Iago reveals when devils will the blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenlyRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1869 Words   |  8 Pagesin his essay. They are discussed below: The play Hamlet, core more on characters, not on action, using soliloquies. There is no strong sub-plot if we compare Hamlet with the other plays of Shakespeare like Macbeth or Othello. Play is full of seeing discontinuation and irregularities of action. The play lasts much more than usual plays at that time.(4 hours to 2 hours) According to Eliot that the failure of the drama lies not simply with the adaptation, plot construction and versification, but moreRead MoreShakespeare vs Dryden3975 Words   |  16 Pageswork between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying qualityRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesenvironment really saved? †¢ Germany’s solar subsidies, perhaps the most wasteful green scheme on earth, produce a mere 0.25 percent of the country’s energy and cost consumers as much as $125 billion. †¢ November’s â€Å"climategate† affair over irregularities in the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations body whose findings are the basis of all climate policy. Though a review panel has since cleared the researchers of most allegations, the lingering controversy

An Analysis Of The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 851 Words

â€Å"The Awakening† By Kate Chopin is the story of a woman learning to follow herself. Kate Chopin creates a character named Edna who is coming to herself about who she truly is. In the story Edna, the woman, moves everything out of her path, in a very rebellious fashion, in order to grow as an individual. Chapter 19 of â€Å"The Awakening† is the midway point of the story. This chapter is Edna’s breaking point, where she comes to the realization that she does not need to follow the ways of society. As Chopins character, Edna, has reached the midway point of her journey, she begins to both lose and gain control of her emotions and abilities. This is the point in the book where she realizes she has lost control of herself. Edna had been†¦show more content†¦Her self expression through painting is used as an outlet for her expression as the new individual she has grown to be. Edna’s journey is a beautiful story of a womans learning of her surroundings and her personality. The story uses lots of elements of a womans life such as marriage, intimacy, and typical elements of a woman of the earlier centuries. This story has often been criticized by critics for its intimate descriptions of a woman and herself and those supporting her. â€Å"Critics were shocked and dismayed at Edna Pontelliers behavior and considered Chopins novel morbid and lacking literary value. In most cases, critics were at a loss to explain the reasons why an artist with Chopins undisputed literary talent would contribute to what one reviewer called the overworked field of sex fiction (Seyersted 219).† (Sprinkle) However, they do not take a look at the deeper meaning of the novel. Without the intimate description of Edna’s relationships with the sea the story would lack the beauty it is given. The last page of the chapter condenses a lot of important themes of the book into a few paragraphs. As Edna finds herself she uses the water almost as a role model and or support system to help her through her journey. Although the water is not heavily influenced in this chapter a slight hint to her relationship with the water is displayed. As Edna reflects on her depressing moments, thinking about her happy days and sad days she comparesShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin The Awakening Analysis1114 Words   |  5 Pages Kate Chopin –The Awakening Edna’s irresponsible quest for happiness The Novel â€Å"The Awakening† written by Kate Chopin is a well written novel that discusses the inner thoughts and actions of Edna’s determination to find herself and happiness. As with most women having their day to day issue with friends and family or contact with men on the outside world other than their husbands, most womenRead MoreAnalysis Of Proto-Feminism In The Awakening By Kate Chopin838 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod, The Awakening written by Kate Chopin in 1899 justifies this philosophy. Edna Pontellier, the protagonist of the story took on the challenge of isolating herself from societal norms and proving her capabilities as a woman in a community of Creoles. Despite the fact that she managed to take control of her own life towards the end of the novel, readers also argue that Edna was childish and naive, yet there are many instances in the story that can prove this to be untrue. The Awakening, writtenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Awa kening And The Storm 1115 Words   |  5 PagesTwo pieces of timeless literature that express this idea of new found feminism through stories of the obstacles women had to face are The Awakening, and The Storm, written by the illustrious author, Kate Chopin. Through these stories the reader sees an opposing perspective of mens actions, the suffering, and the hardships that women of these times endured. Chopin shows that in the times of these stories the institution of marriage, although sacred, places a restraint on true love because the conventionsRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead MoreSt. Louis And New Orleans1606 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin was born Katherine O’Flaherty on February 8, 1851, in St. Louis, Missouri, into a socially prominent family with roots in the French past of both St. Louis and New Orleans. Her father, Thomas O’Flaherty, an immigrant from Ireland, had lived in New York and Illinois before settling in St. Louis, where he prospered as the owner of a commission house. In 1839, he married into a well-known Creole family, members of the city’s social elite, but his wife died in childbirth only a year laterRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreThe Awakening: An Emergence of Womens RIghts in the Late Nineteenth Century1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Awakening: An Emergence of Women’s Rights in the Late Nineteenth Century Kate Chopin’s The Awakening addresses the role of women within society during the late nineteenth century. The novel is set in South Louisiana, a place where tradition and culture also play a vital role in societal expectations. The novel’s protagonist, Edna Pontellier, initially fulfills her position in society as a wife and as a mother while suppressing her urges to live a life of passion and freedom. Edna’s relationshipRead MoreThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the co nflict between the social traditional requirementsRead MoreThe Awakening Historicism Analysis968 Words   |  4 PagesA New Historicism Analysis of The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening is a story written in the late 19th century about a woman named Edna becoming independent and finding herself in a time when women had little to no rights and people saw them as the property of their husband. This is a new historicism literary criticism, analyzing how what was going on in the time period influenced this novel. Racism, sexism, and feminism were all going on at this time and therefore influenced it greatly. DuringRead MoreEssay on A Male Dominated Society During the 19th Century952 Words   |  4 Pagesis known that the male takes complete cruel supremacy over the years in our history. In The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, they all convey the struggles that females faced to be accepted and to find their identity. To commence, women have been denied self-expression which impacted their daily lives. First of all, in The Awakening, a character Edna Pontellier would try to surpass the typical housewife society. For example

Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam Free Essays

Buddhism entered Vietnam during the beginning of first century CE. By the second century Buddhist visited a central region in Vietnam known as the Luy-Lau centre. This centre is now in the Bac-Ninh province. We will write a custom essay sample on Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Luy-Lau was the capital of Vietnam and this is the reason it was an important place for the Buddhists to visit. On their way to china monks stopped at this central region and taught people about Buddhism. Many teachings were translated in this central region such as Mahayana sutras and the Agamas. These were translated into Chinese as Vietnamese culture and religion is influenced a lot by the Chinese culture . Vietnam is influenced by Chinese culture because Vietnam was occupied by Chinese during the 111 BCE and 939 CE . GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF VIETNAM Vietnam has Cambodia and Laos to the west and Chinese colossus, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Thailand and Burma to the east and south. The eastern most part of Vietnam reaches India. The coastline is almost 2,500 kilometers. This coastline spreads from Mong-Cay, which is in the north to Cambodia. In early days Vietnam was the region between India and China which is actually a peninsula. This was formerly known as Funan and Campa. Being so near the two most densely populated countries, Vietnam had a lot of influence from their culture, politic and religion . BUDDHIST INFLUENCE Vietnamese are very religious. They practice quite a number of religions like, Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism etc. Buddhism first came in North Vietnam . It was then known as Giao-Chi. These were Indian or Chinese Buddhists who came here from either land or sea routes and started influencing people. Giao-Chi became the centre of everything by the end of second century as the Indian merchants started doing trade there, and with them they brought monks also. Buddhism was very influential at that time, as we can see that these traders brought monks with them because they were called the â€Å"calmer of the sea† . These monks were priests who later started preaching their religion in Vietnam. It became easier for them, because Giao-Ching was the central place where every traders and foreign travelers, Chinese and Indians met. Moreover the merchants rested here also if they were travelling between India and China. Thus monks and priests had one central place to preach their religion. They started missionary activities and as a result monasteries were built. This was the first time that monasteries were built in Vietnam during the reign of Si-Nhiep. The very first few monasteries were built in a province of North Vietnam which is now known as Ha-Bac. This was formerly known as Luy-Lau, as mentioned in the Introduction that it was the centre of missionary activities . THE FIRST BUDDHISTS IN VIETNAM The earliest form of Buddhist education was found to be given by a Taoist who later became a Buddhist. Before him, it is said, that several missionaries from China came to preach Buddhism . During the rule of Si-Nhiep, two monks named Ma Ha Ky Vuc and Khau Da La came to Vietnam. These were Indian monks. Tu-Dinh from Khmer kingdom requested them to stay there in Vietnam. The second monk however refused and went back where as Ma Ha Ky Vuc stayed. Tu-Dinh was a very religious man himself and used to fast for several days. This he said helped purify his body and soul. These two were the first monks to reach Giao-Chi. After them a Chinese Buddhist preacher named Mau-Bac came to Giao-Chi. During the time when Mau-Bac came to Giao-Chi, China was in serious political chaos. Due to this several monks and scholars came to Vietnam. Giao-Chi was under the rule of Si-Nhiep back then and was considered a safe place. Mau-Bac after coming to Vietnam studied Buddhism from an Indian monk named Ksudra. Ma Ha Ky Vuc, who had come to Vietnam before any of these, with the help of Ksudra and Mau-Bac started promoting Buddhism in Vietnam. These were the first people who started to promote Buddhism and their teaching is the very early form of Buddhist study to be found in Vietnam. After Mau-Bac many monks started to propagate Buddhism. Khang Tang Hoi and Cuong Luong Lau also came to Giao-Chi during the third century. Khang Tang Hoi entered a monastery when he was ten and from there started studying and practicing Buddhism. Apart from Buddhism he also studied literature, astronomy and other subjects. He translated many books relating Buddhism into Chinese. Though he was Indian born but is considered as a Vietnamese Buddhist. Cuong Luong Lau like Khang Tang Hoi also translated many Buddhist books in Chinese . The main Buddhist centre was Luy-Lau at that time; it is now known as Ha Bac and is situated in North Vietnam. Phap Van was a famous monastery in Luy-Lau and during the second and third century was famously known as â€Å"the school of doctrine† and â€Å"the lotus school†. In 968 A. D, when King Dinh Tien Hoang came in to power, Buddhism in Vietnam changed. It entered a new era. Buddhism now had a hierarchy of monks and priests and it was now accepted by the court. As Buddhism was now supported by the royal court many changes took place. Buddhists were respected and were asked advice before taking decisions. Buddhists were involved in many political and religious decisions. During this period Buddhism was at its best. It was the most predominant religion. Many kings and emperors after this period were Buddhists. Many laws came into practice in this era, which were influenced by Buddhism. Van Hanh, who is also known as the meditation master is of this era. Any ruler who was not Buddhists was at least the supporter of Buddhism. In 1010 A. D, almost eight monasteries were built in Ha Bac. All other monasteries and Buddhist temples were also repaired. Tripitaka texts, which were in China initially, were brought in Vietnam. Thousands of Buddha statues and paintings were made and set up. Festivals were set up. Many new monasteries such as Sung Kharh monastery and monastery at Mount Ba were built. In 1086 A. d Dai Lam monastery was built in Ha Bac. Later in 1118 A. D Thien Phat was built which had almost 1,000 Buddha statues . BUDDHIST STUDIES IN VIETNAM Buddhist studies in Vietnam can be divided in to four eras. 1. From the entrance in Vietnam to the first century 2. From 11th century to 14th century, which was the best era of Buddhist studies 3. After 25th century, which was the time of declination of Buddhism 4. Present Buddhist studies in Vietnam People have different opinions about the exact date on which Buddhism entered Vietnam. It is believed that Buddhism entered Vietnam in first century A. D; some people believe it was the year 189 of the Christian era. Historians say that Meou-Po, who was a Taoist before he became a Buddhist, was the first person to make any Buddhist teaching in Vietnam. Though many missionaries came before him, but they only laid grounds on which it became possible for Meou-Po to enter and teach Buddhism. It was very difficult to teach Buddhism at that time as very little literature was available. Vietnamese had no written script; hence a few translations were made in Chinese. The era between 544 and 602 was an independent era and was helpful in spreading Buddhism. Though there was some progress, in this era but the real progress was made during 603 to 939. During these years two major missionaries entered Vietnam. Vinitaruci and Vo-Ngon-Thong led these two missions separately. Almost 20 shrines were built at that time and there were about 500 monks preaching Buddhism day and night. These shrines were a gift from the Chinese government. During 939 and 968 there was not much development in case of Buddhist studies. In 939 Chinese reign in Vietnam ended. Buddhist teachings paused during these years, but only in Vietnam, in China Buddhism went under a lot of scrutiny. When Dinh-Bo-Linh came in to power, Buddhism started to prosper. He acted as a protector of the religion and Buddhism was studied and adopted by many people till Dinf-Bo-Linh’s reign till 1009. The emperor made Ngo-Chan-Luu the head of Sangha (Community of Buddhist monks). Ngo-Chan-Luu was a monk, scholar and a poet. The emperor was very much impressed by this monk who was good at Zen meditation. The emperor used to take advice from Ngo-Chan-Luu in matters of politics and military. Due to his good advices and performance he was made Imperial Councillor. He got the title of Khuong Viet which means servant of Vietnam. Ngo-Chan-Luu proved to be a very good monk and helped in spreading Buddhism. During this time Tripitaka was brought from china for the first time with the help of Vietnamese missions. People in Vietnam were taught how to read and write in Chinese characters, as Vietnamese lacked written script. This helped the scholars learn more by reading more books on Buddhism and translating others into their language. Hence the monks of those times were much learned and were respected a lot all over the country as there were very few people who could read and write. A scholar at that time was respected a lot and as most of the scholars were Buddhists, people started to go to them in order to learn. This helped spread Buddhist teachings . Buddhism expanded a lot during 1031 as almost a hundred temples were built during this era. A lot of Buddhist ceremonies were held and they were exempt from taxes. In 1049, the emperor built the Dien-Huu temple which was actually what he saw in his dream. He later ordered it to be constructed the way he saw it in between an artificial lake. It is one of the most famous monuments in Hanoi and is known as Temple of single column. Ly-Thanh-Ton, who reined Vietnam in 1054, was a true Buddhist. During his time food and clothing were distributed among the poor. He used to reduce the punishment of prisoners also. Hence Ly-Thanh-Ton, who tried to follow the steps of Asoka, was a very great Buddhist. In 1069, when Vietnam was at war with Champa, the emperor brought back a few prisoners. What he did not know was that one of these prisoners was a Buddhist monk. When the emperor found out about him he inquired him and discovered that he had a great knowledge of Dharma. The emperor got very impressed and allowed him to preach his religion in the Khai-Quoc temple. It was also found out that he was a Chinese monk who was actually trying to preach and practice Buddhism when he was caught. The emperor was a true Buddhist and praised scholars, and hence allowed this Chinese monk to stay in the temple. Now Buddhism was under official protection and could be spread more easily and therefore Buddhism continued to be taught among all the Vietnamese. Many writings of that time show the studies of Buddhist scholars . After this emperor all the other emperors also got interested in Buddhism. Most of them followed Zen meditation and practice. One of them became a monk and abdicated from his post of emperor. The Ly Dynasty was spread over a period of 215 years. This was the only dynasty during which the religion of Buddhism was at its climax . After this came the Tran Dynasty, during the early years of which the spread of Buddhism slowed down. Though the emperors of this dynasty were more inclined towards Buddhism, but none the less during the first seventy years of this dynasty the Buddhist studies did not prosper as it did before. One of the emperors became a monk and started practicing Zen. The last dynasty definitely proved to be the climax of Buddhism, as it was now declining. China started to reign again and due to this Confucianism started to prosper and made developments in various aspects such as philosophy and literature. Taoism grew and prospered, whereas Buddhists were stopped from preaching and practicing their religion. Buddhists books were burned and temples destroyed. This dropped the level of Buddhists studies in the country. When Vietnam got independent in 1428, it was thought that now it will be easier to renew Buddhism and spread its studies from the beginning. However, this proved wrong and Buddhists studies did not budge. Buddhism lost its original touch and purity and people started mixing it with different ideas. No new temples were allowed to be built at that time and this also hindered the prosperity of the religion. Many monks were sent back to their lay lives and were stopped from preaching Buddhism saying that they were incompetent to do so . During 1528 and 1802 new Zen sects were developed. Temples were built and Buddhism was supported a lot. Lord Tr? nh Giang ordered rebuilding of temples. Almost 6,000 workers worked day and night to build temples of Quynh Lam and Sung nghiem. In South of Vietnam Thien Temple was built which still stands. This Temple is equipped with its famous bell which is very resonant. Chinese monks were allowed to preach their religion and therefore they moved around whole of the country teaching and preaching Buddhism. Though many efforts were taken, yet Buddhism had such distorted form that monks were made to reside over ceremonies, Buddha was taken as a god and gifts were presented to his statue. This shows that the actual Buddhist religion had changed a lot and almost nobody knew and practiced the actual teachings of Buddha. THE IMPACT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION The impact of Buddhist education was very great. It not only effected the religious beliefs but also had a great impact on every other day to day activity. Music, which was influenced by Indian music because of the monks coming from India, was used in religious ceremonies. Today out of eight musical instruments almost six are Indian. These instruments were taken by Indian monks, first to China and then to Vietnam. It will not be false if we say that India and China are solely responsible for spreading Buddhism in Vietnam. Though China influenced mainly the northern areas whereas, India influenced the south; China had more impact on Buddhism in Vietnam than India had. The reason is that China was in contact with Vietnam for thousands of years and had an influence on the politics and culture of the country. India had a lesser impact as Indian merchants went to Vietnam solely for business purposes. They sometimes took it as a resting place on their way to China. Hence they had no interest what so ever in the religion in Vietnam. However, there is certainly some influence on their religion and culture by the Indians, as the first monks to enter Vietnam for the purpose of preaching their religion were Indians. Buddhism gradually spread all over Vietnam. Though there are quite a few religions practiced in Vietnam, but almost two thirds of the population practices Buddhism. People sometimes do not have clear vision for example today a Buddhist may visit Taoist temple. These sometimes lead to superstitions and practices which show their ignorance towards the religion. Sometimes even monks do not have clear concepts about Buddhism. Buddhism really had a very strong impact on the culture and behavior of common man. People have better morals due to Buddhism. Even people who are not educated know that bad deeds will result in bad results. They know that they should be kind towards the people. Buddhists teachings are ordinary things which everybody should know. The motif of Buddhism is Lotus Flower. Monks are vegetarians and their teachings are based on purity and compassion. BUDDHISM CONCEPT IN VIETNAM Buddhism in Vietnam is mainly Mahayana. This Mahayana tradition has compassion as main entity. They take main words or buzzwords from Buddha like, Enlightenment, Delivered etc. The monks of Mahayana tradition try and improve their spiritual life. This spiritual life is then translated into action which is based on truth. During the decline of Buddhism in Vietnam, the monks were just an entity to receive gifts in the ceremonies. Today due to the movement in 1920, they know what ceremonies are actually for. They now have clear concept. They have texts and books to refer to and find meditation as the best tool. The General Buddhist Association in Vietnam is a very dynamic organization representing Buddhism in the country. It represents the true picture of Buddhism in the country. They have done efforts, held conferences in order to not only promote Buddhism but paint a clear picture about the fundamentals of Buddhism. Buddhism has prospered leaps and bounds in the country. Though there are many rival religions in the country, Buddhism is by far the most popular one. As mentioned earlier, almost two thirds of the population practices Buddhism. During 968 it was made the state religion. Buddhism in Vietnam is no wonder superior than any other religion there, as it is not only accepted publicly but also helped in the moral and spiritual training of the general public. People believe it and accept it by heart. They call it the religion of compassion. The imprint of Buddhism can be seen in art and literature as well. Music has also been inspired from it. A European author writes: â€Å"Buddhism was the first foreign influence which had a powerful bearing on the evolution of Chinese thought; and the effect of such an influence was to rekindle, stimulate and develop to the highest pitch not only the religion but also all the other spheres of its civilization A casual glance, even by one who is almost completely unaware of the spiritual world of China, at the plastic arts of China shows how completely they stem from the spirit of Buddhism and how wonderfully they blossomed forth during the Buddhist period† As Buddhism in Vietnam is influenced a lot from China and India, hence it can be said that the Chinese really had an impact on Vietnamese paintings, culture, literature and art. How to cite Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam, Papers

Accountability In Nursing Practice Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Should Registered Nurses Be Held Accountable Of Their Own Practice? Answer: Introduction Registered Nurses are those nurses that have officially graduated from a nursing college, university or any other educational institution and have excelled in the national licensing exam. These nurses are meant to provide and set up care activities for the patients. Registered nurses are responsible for recovering patients. Additionally, they are responsible for educating patients and coordinating patient care schedules. Furthermore, the registered nurses have the responsibility to educate the public (non-patients) about any health condition and on various diseases and infections (Fisher, 2009). These nurses are mostly found in areas like the operations rooms, doctors offices, Intensive Care Units (ICUs), clinics, patient recovery rooms, patient admission rooms and ambulatory care rooms. Accountability is the state of being responsible or liable for a certain action or result. Accountability encourages individuals towards being responsible and answerable whenever they are involved in an action or when their actions causes certain results. On the other hand, responsibility is referred to as the obligation to carry out some tasks or duties by use certain professional knowledge and having the courage to be answerable for them. In that case, registered nurses are supposed to be accountable or rather responsible for their practices. Every employee who has a role and responsibility must have the courage to be accountable and answerable for all the activities they conduct and all the results that arise from those activities (McConnell et al, 2012). To be precise, registered nurses are usually trained to take care of hospital patients which basically means that they have to be accountable of what happens to the patients as a result of their professional practices (Goudreau et al, 2013). Therefore, it is important to note all health care providers are deemed accoun table for their own practices by both the criminal and civil courts to ensure that all their practices are focused towards meeting their legal requirements and objectives. Furthermore, just as how general employees are accountable of their activities in the employers eyes, the registered nurses in Australia are also accountable to their regulatory organization (Nursing and Midwife Board of Australia previously called the Nursing and Midwife Council) who ensure that they abide to the rules and regulations governing their professional practice and patient care responsibility (Zahedi et al, 2013). Discussion This discussion will provide a clear understanding on the reasons why the registered nurses should be held accountable of their own practices. The following are the reasons: Legal and Professional Mandate The registered nurses must be accountable because it is actually their legal and professional responsibility to do so. When the nurses are trained, there main goal, objective and duty is solely to provide patient care in a health institution (Zahedi et al, 2013). By training them, they are equipped with immense knowledge, skills and expertise that is to be used when doing their jobs. Technically, the countys laws (Australia) imposes a duty to all the health practitioners which is basically a duty to care on practitioners. These laws are imposed for all nurses whether HCAs, Aps, students still in the program, doctors, registered nurses among others (Cashin et al, 2017). However, the registered nurses are also liable to adhering to the rules and regulations set aside by the NMBA which is the authoritative body in charge of registering nurses and giving the licenses. Therefore, it is the duty of each nurse to be accountable of any action that they take under those laws. If the action is within the laws grounds, then the responsible nurse for the action or result is supposed to take credit and if not according to the laws, the nurse responsible is supposed to shoulder the damages or danger caused by the results (Cashin et al, 2015). By setting up these laws, the nurses are aware of what they are supposed to do and what they are responsible for. On the other hand, the laws also offer protection to the regulatory organizations so that they are not entirely blamed for the nurses practices. To improve quality of the Practice As mentioned earlier, registered nurses roles and responsibility, is to take care of the patients when doctors are not available. According to Sadeghi et al, 2016, this means that they actually give medicine to the patients, change the patients beddings, give them food and other drinks, take them to visit the toilets, educate them on how to care for themselves, involve the patients in professional talks and other activities that the patients may need. In the grounds of taking care of the patients, the nurses are supposed to check on the patients on a regular basis, make observations when needed or when the doctor is not available, strategize on methods of making their health condition better to name just but a few activities that are supposed to be done by a registered nurse on duty. According to Hughes, 2008, all these activities are all related to a persons health condition and life. This means that nurses are the ones to determine whether the patients will recover or not. Therefor e, it is important for all nurses to be accountable of their own action/practice so that whenever a persons life or health is in danger, they can be solely answerable for the results (Masso et al, 2014). Through this, the nursing practice will be given more though and value because of the fact that every nurse will be on their own. Additionally, the nurses will be ready to perform their best in their practices therefore providing the best care quality to the patients. Providing Improved Patient Safety This is related to the improved quality care provision. The nurses that are placed in surgery rooms help the surgeons in operating on the patient. These practices give the nurses the opportunity to experience the operation activity and understand the care that the patient needs (Battie et al, 2015). The nurses placed in such scenarios get to understand these patients better because they have an idea of exactly what may have happened in the operation room, what medications that were used, what possible dangers that may affect the patients among other things (Mitchell, 2008). Therefore, these nurses are given the responsibility of taking care of these patients simply because they have more experience and information on their condition than any other. However, nurses should be accountable for their patients during their time of illness as well as when their during their recovery time, e.g. in the case of a surgery patient. When these nurses are deemed accountable for their actions, they give their best during the operational and after the operations (Battie et al, 2014). The nurses are allocated the responsibility to provide medication, observe the patients and make regular checkups on them. By doing all of these, the nurses will be determining the health condition and status of the patient especially towards their recovery process. Through this, the nurses will be ready to offer the best and improved safety and care to the patients no matter what. As a Form of Lifelong Learning Experience Every registered nurses career is determined by how much experience, skills and knowledge they have. However, after the nurses have finished their training programs and are officially registered, they can only get experience by working in a hospital. Basically, it means that new registered nurses may not have enough experience but can get it from performing their duties to their patients in hospitals. However, as for the already experienced nurses, they can learn from their past nursing experiences. This is where the accountability aspect comes in. When nurses are accountable of their own practices, they get to learn more or better than when they are given examples of nurses who failed or who made certain mistakes (Ross et al, 2013). Generally, a person is capable of taking their own mistake into consideration more than one of a person whom they may not know or even heard of. Therefore, when nurses are accountable of their actions, they get to correct their mistakes more positively o r faster than when they are given examples of the same mistakes made by a different person. Every experience is a lesson for a nurse, e.g. taking care of different kinds of patients with different health conditions. When a nurse becomes responsible for a patients death, they should be accountable of the death on their own and if a patients health condition improves drastically, the nurse responsible should be responsible of the improvement of their own. According to Krautscheid, 2014, the accountability will certainly be helpful especially when the results of a practice are negative. Hence, accountability serves as a persons own form of lifelong learning experience to say the least. Form of Professional Education Registered nurses are educated individuals who have graduated from a nursing college or a university or any other learning institution offering nursing education services. However, in these educational institutions, the activities involved are just teaching, studying and being examines theoretically or rather there are no actual patients in the educational forums (Hernandez, 2016). When these nurses are registered and start working, the have to deal with real human being and worry about their lives. This means that they get the opportunity to tackle real health conditions being experienced by real humans. In that case, these nurses are given the chance to practice their profession in real life. They get to observe patients, check their health conditions, differentiating different medications to give a person suffering among other things. This means that they ought to be effective and efficient planners, smart decision makers, have strong communication skills, a good caregiver, among other things. They certainly need to increase their levels and strategies of making the right calls or decisions (Kako et al, 2008). Through all these activities and roles about caring another persons life, improves the thinking capacity of a nurse which is a basic way of letting them learn new things in their profession and career (Gardner et al, 2016). For that reason, it is important to approve the aspect of accountability or nurses for their practices because through this, they will be able to actually learn more and improve their professional education by practicing it. Conclusion Registered nurses are those that have already passed through the nursing education institutions and passed the national examination for licensing. However, these nurses, especially those in Australia, should be able to be recognized by their specific regulatory bodies, in the case of Australia its the NMBA. It is also important for nurse to ensure that their roles and responsibilities and duties are tied to a patients life which means that every any registered nurse should make sure that they take care of the patients health condition because their life is technically on their hands. Therefore, this being the obvious reason for the nurses to be held accountable for their practices and actions, the other are: the fact that it is a way of enhancing improvement in the quality of the nursing practice, a way of improving the safety standards of the patients, it offers a chance for further learning and professional education for the nurses, it is a way of adhering to the legal standards of a country and nursing regulatory body and that it offers an opportunity to the nurse to have more experience in their practice. Therefore, yes, the nurses should be accountable for their own practices because it will definitely do more good than harm to the patients and the entire society. References Batti, R., Steelman, V. M. (2014). Accountability in nursing practice: Why it is important for patient safety.Association of Operating Room Nurses. AORN Journal,100(5), 537. Battie, R., Steelman, V. M. (2015). 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